Power System Transients Theory and Applications
When lightning strikes a building or transmission tower, a lightning current flows through structure, made of conductive materials, such as steel and copper. the lightning current produces a high voltage called a "surge" (or "abnormal voltage") may damage or break electrical equipment installed in the building or transmission lines system. Equipment failure can cause the building's electrical room to be cut off, lead to a complete power outage. If a fault occurs in a substation in power transmission network, a city receiving electricity from a substation can also experienced a power failure. Overvoltages can also be generated by switching operations of circuit breakers or loads switches, both of which are identical to those found in the customer's home. Time period during which a short-term increase occurs due to light and switching operation is called "transient", while the equilibrium condition of electricity is supplied is called the "steady state". In general, temporarily die off and reach a steady state in about 10 μs (10 −6 s) in the case of transient light and at about 10 ms (10 −3 s) in the case of transient switching. Sometimes transience persists for a few seconds if it is related to resonant oscillations of circuit parameters (mainly inductance and capacitance) or mechanical oscillation of the steel shaft of the generator (referred to as "sub synchronous resonance"). Transient analysis is an important topic for electrical engineers and researchers, especially in the field of electrical engineering when determining the resistance of a device in to maintain security. First, this book will illustrate transients on single-phase lines from a physical point of view, and how it can be solved analytically by a circuit theory. Impedance and The airline admission formula will also be described. Approximate formula can be calculated using a pocket calculator will be interpreted to show that a transient can be analytical evaluation by manual calculation. Since real power lines have three phases, multiphase line processing theory will be developed. Finally, the book explains how deal with a real transient in the electrical network. A computer simulation tool is needed for this— especially the famous simulation tool Electromagnetic Transition Program (EMTP), originally developed by the United States Department of Energy, the Bonneville Electricity Authority— are briefly explained in chapter 1. In chapter 2 wave propagation characteristics and transients during air propagation line is described. Distributed parametric circuit theory is applied to solve transients in terms of analysis. EMTP is then applied to calculate transients in mixed power systems of overhead lines and substations. Various simulation examples are presented, as well as comparison of field test results. Chapter 3 transient testing in cabling. In general, a cabling system is more than more complex than overhead line systems, since a single phase of a cable is made up of two The conductor is called the metal core and the metal sheath. First carry current and the latter acts like an electromagnetic shield against core current. Another reason why a complex cabling is mostly long cables that are crossed, i.e. metal sheath on phases "a", "b" and "c"
Book Title : Power System Transients Theory and Applications Third Edition
Authors : Naoto Nagaoka, Akihiro Ametani,Yoshihiro baba,Teruo ohno
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