Operation and Control in Power Systems
Electrical energy is the most common form of energy because it can be easily transported to High efficiency and reasonable cost. Thomas Edison, founded the first power plant in 1882 in New York, United States of America. The lower part of Manhattan is supplied with direct current electricity from this station. Underground cables were used for distribution. In Appelton, Wisconsin The first water wheel generator was installed. Under Edison's patent, several companies were established operates in the United States. However, these companies can supply electricity over small distances due to Excessive I2R power loss at low voltage distribution. In 1885, William Stanley invented the transformer. who revolutionized AC Transmission. The invention of the induction motor in 1888 was caused by Nnikola Tesla Converts electrical energy consumption by replacing many d.c. motor loads with alternating current. It is now recognized that transmission of HV and EHV alone can reduce basically overall power loss and transmission can be achieved at these voltages. However, There is also a basis to think that HVDC is more practical and economical from an operational point of view and control point of view under certain circumstances such as at distances above 500 km. A detailed discussion of this aspect is beyond the scope of this book. In India, two-thirds of electricity is generated from coal-fired power plants. Of the rest, about 24% comes from hydroelectric power plants, 8.7% from gas thermal power plants, 2.4% from nuclear center. At the time of independence, the per capita consumption of electrical energy was 1.3 units. Now it is about 3 units while per capita consumption in China is about 6 units. Developed countries have a per capita consumption of up to 8,500 units. This shows the large disparities that exist between rich and poor countries. However, the Indians The energy industry has undergone revolutionary changes. While in 1947 the installed capacity was at 1,300 MW, which has now exceeded 100,000 MW. In India, nuclear power aims 350 GW, and hydropower is estimated at 84 GW by the CEA.
Book Title : Operation and Control in Power Systems
Authors : P S R Murty
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